1. What is Adrenaline?

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal glands. It plays a crucial role in the body's "fight or flight" response to stress or danger.

2. Molecular Structure

The molecular formula C₉H₁₃NO₃ represents the elemental composition of adrenaline:

Elemental Composition:

• Carbon (C) — 9 atoms
• Hydrogen (H) — 13 atoms
• Nitrogen (N) — 1 atom
• Oxygen (O) — 3 atoms

Structural Features: Adrenaline contains a catechol ring (benzene with two hydroxyl groups), an amine side chain, and a hydroxyl group on the beta carbon.

3. Chemical Properties

Molecular Weight: 183.204 g/mol
Chemical Class: Catecholamine
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohol
Stability: Light-sensitive, oxidizes readily in air

4. Biological Function

Physiological Role: Adrenaline increases heart rate, dilates airways, mobilizes glucose, and redirects blood flow to muscles during stress responses.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between adrenaline and epinephrine?
A: Adrenaline and epinephrine refer to the same chemical compound. "Adrenaline" is the common name, while "epinephrine" is the official medical and scientific name.

Q2: Where is adrenaline produced in the body?
A: Adrenaline is primarily produced in the adrenal medulla, located above the kidneys.

Q3: What are the medical uses of adrenaline?
A: Used to treat anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, asthma attacks, and as a local vasoconstrictor.

Q4: How does adrenaline affect the body?
A: It increases alertness, pupil dilation, sweating, heart rate, and blood pressure while decreasing digestion.

Q5: Is adrenaline a hormone or neurotransmitter?
A: It functions as both - as a hormone when released into the bloodstream by adrenal glands, and as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.