1. What is Atomic Number?

The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It defines the chemical element and determines its position in the periodic table. For neutral atoms, the atomic number also equals the number of electrons.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the fundamental atomic number formula:

Where:

• \( Z \) — Atomic number
• Protons — Number of protons in the nucleus
• Electrons — Number of electrons in a neutral atom

Explanation: The atomic number uniquely identifies each chemical element and determines its chemical properties.

3. Importance of Atomic Number

Details: The atomic number is fundamental to chemistry and physics as it defines an element's identity, determines its position in the periodic table, and governs its chemical behavior and bonding characteristics.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the number of protons in the atom (must be between 1-118, corresponding to known elements). The calculator will display both the atomic number and the number of electrons in a neutral atom.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is atomic number more important than atomic mass?
A: Atomic number defines the element's identity, while atomic mass can vary due to different isotopes of the same element.

Q2: What happens if an atom gains or loses electrons?
A: The atom becomes an ion. The atomic number (protons) remains the same, but the number of electrons changes, creating a charged particle.

Q3: Can two different elements have the same atomic number?
A: No, each element has a unique atomic number. This is why the periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number.

Q4: What is the range of atomic numbers?
A: Known elements range from hydrogen (Z=1) to oganesson (Z=118). Elements with higher atomic numbers may be discovered or synthesized.

Q5: How does atomic number relate to chemical properties?
A: The atomic number determines the electron configuration, which governs chemical bonding, reactivity, and physical properties of elements.