Conductivity To Resistivity Calculator Water

Resistivity Formula:

\[ \rho = \frac{1}{\sigma} \]

Electrical Resistivity (ρ):

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1. What is Electrical Conductivity to Resistivity Conversion?

Electrical resistivity (ρ) is the reciprocal of electrical conductivity (σ) and represents a material's ability to resist the flow of electric current. In water quality analysis, resistivity is crucial for assessing water purity and ionic content.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the fundamental relationship:

\[ \rho = \frac{1}{\sigma} \]

Where:

\( \rho \) — Electrical resistivity (Ω·cm)
\( \sigma \) — Electrical conductivity (S/cm)

Explanation: This inverse relationship means that as conductivity increases (more ions in water), resistivity decreases, indicating poorer electrical insulation properties.

3. Importance of Resistivity Calculation in Water

Details: Water resistivity measurement is essential in various applications including ultrapure water systems, semiconductor manufacturing, pharmaceutical production, and environmental monitoring. High resistivity indicates high purity water with minimal ionic contaminants.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter electrical conductivity value in Siemens per centimeter (S/cm). The value must be greater than zero. For typical water samples, conductivity values range from 0.055 μS/cm (ultrapure water) to over 50,000 μS/cm (seawater).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the relationship between conductivity and resistivity?
A: Conductivity and resistivity are inversely proportional. Resistivity = 1/Conductivity. They represent opposite properties of materials regarding electric current flow.

Q2: What are typical resistivity values for different water types?
A: Ultrapure water: 18.2 MΩ·cm, Distilled water: 0.1-1 MΩ·cm, Tap water: 1-10 kΩ·cm, Seawater: 20 Ω·cm.

Q3: Why is water resistivity important in industry?
A: High resistivity water is crucial in semiconductor manufacturing, power plants, pharmaceutical production, and laboratory applications to prevent contamination and ensure process quality.

Q4: How does temperature affect conductivity and resistivity?
A: Conductivity increases with temperature (approximately 2% per °C), which correspondingly decreases resistivity. Measurements are often standardized to 25°C for comparison.

Q5: What units are commonly used for water conductivity and resistivity?
A: Conductivity: μS/cm (microsiemens per centimeter) or mS/cm (millisiemens per centimeter). Resistivity: Ω·cm (ohm-centimeter), kΩ·cm, or MΩ·cm.