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Chemical Formula:
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Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal glands. It plays a crucial role in the body's fight-or-flight response to stress or danger.
The molecular formula for adrenaline is:
Chemical Properties:
Structural Features: Adrenaline contains a catechol ring system (benzene-1,2-diol) with an ethanolamine side chain and a methylamino group.
Physiological Role: Adrenaline increases heart rate, dilates air passages, constricts blood vessels, and mobilizes glucose from energy stores to prepare the body for physical activity.
Medical Uses: Used in emergency medicine for anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, and severe asthma attacks. Also used as a local anesthetic adjunct to prolong duration and reduce bleeding.
Q1: What is the difference between adrenaline and epinephrine?
A: Adrenaline and epinephrine are the same compound. "Adrenaline" is the common name, while "epinephrine" is the official International Nonproprietary Name (INN).
Q2: How is adrenaline produced in the body?
A: Adrenaline is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine through a series of enzymatic reactions in the adrenal medulla.
Q3: What are the effects of adrenaline on the body?
A: Effects include increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, dilated pupils, increased blood glucose, and enhanced muscle strength and endurance.
Q4: Is adrenaline used in emergency medicine?
A: Yes, adrenaline is a critical medication in emergency situations such as anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest, and severe asthma attacks.
Q5: Can adrenaline be synthesized artificially?
A: Yes, adrenaline can be synthesized in laboratories and is produced commercially for medical use through chemical synthesis or extraction from animal sources.